What does this tool do?

It computes the hash-collision probability for a b-bit hash over n records with calculateBirthdayParadox, reporting the clamped bits, the 2^bits space, the 0–1 probability plus percent, and the 50%-collision threshold with its base-10 log.

Why does a full 32-bit space report ~1 instead of 0.632?

2^32 records overshoot the λ = n²/(2N) ≈ 1 crossover by billions, so the probability saturates past 0.999. The textbook 1 − 1/e ≈ 0.632 point sits far below it at ~92,682 records; zero or one record always reports exactly 0.

Is my data uploaded or stored?

No. The exact log-survival sum and the Poisson approximation are pure client-side math — bits and record counts never leave your device.

Where is the 50% threshold, and what bit widths are allowed?

The threshold is √(2 ln 2 × space), about 5.056e9 records for 64-bit hashes. Bit widths are rounded and clamped to 16–512, so 1024 reports bits: 512 — always read the returned bits field.

Birthday Paradox Hash Collision Calculator

Estimate hash collisions locally with numerically stable birthday-paradox math.

Hash parameters

Choose a bit length and number of records.

Hash bits64

16512

Records

Collision probability

5,056,000,000 records · 64-bit hash space

49.9871%

Chance that at least two records share a hash.

50% collision threshold

Approximation: √(2 · ln(2) · 2ᵇ)

5,056,937,541

log₁₀ threshold: 9.70

Common hash sizes

Hash	Bits	50% threshold
MD5	128	2.172e+19
SHA-1	160	1.423e+24
SHA-256	256	4.007e+38

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